Back يوليوس مارتوف Arabic يوليوس مارتوف ARZ Yuli Mártov AST Iuli Màrtov Catalan جولیۆس مارتۆڤ CKB Julij Osipovič Martov Czech Julij Martov Danish Julius Martow German Γιούλι Μάρτοφ Greek Julius Martov Esperanto
Julius Osipovich Martov | |
|---|---|
| Юлии Осипович Мартов | |
 Julius Martov in 1917 | |
| Born | Yuliy Osipovich Tsederbaum 24 November 1873 |
| Died | 4 April 1923 (aged 49) |
| Political party | Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, Mensheviks |
| Movement | Socialism, Marxism |
Julius Martov or L. Martov (Ма́ртов; born Yuliy Osipovich Tsederbaum;[1] 24 November 1873 – 4 April 1923) was a Russian politician, revolutionary and the leader of the Mensheviks, a faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). A close associate of Vladimir Lenin, Martov broke with him following the RSDLP ideological split, after which Lenin led the opposing faction, the Bolsheviks.
Martov was born to a middle-class Jewish family in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire. He was raised in Odessa and embraced Marxism following the Russian famine of 1891–1892. He briefly enrolled at Saint Petersburg Imperial University but was later expelled and exiled to Vilna. He devoted the following years working with Jewish workers; his agitation would pave the way for the formation of the General Jewish Labour Bund. Returning to Saint Petersburg in 1895, Martov formed a close friendship with Vladimir Lenin, and the two co-founded the League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class. A year later he was arrested and exiled to the Siberian Arctic for three years. After his exile, Martov rejoined Lenin and moved to Western Europe, where he became an active member of the RSDLP and co-founded the party journal Iskra. At the second RSDLP Congress in 1903, a schism developed between supporters of the two; Martov became the leader of the Menshevik faction against Lenin's Bolsheviks.
After the 1917 February Revolution, Martov returned to Russia but found himself marginalised following the October Revolution, in which the Bolsheviks came to power. He continued to lead the Mensheviks and denounced many of Soviet government's repressive measures.
In 1920, Martov was given permission to leave Russia; the Mensheviks were outlawed a year later. He settled in Germany and died in 1923. According to Lenin's sister, Lenin had attempted to send money to Martov during his final bout of illness in 1922 but Joseph Stalin refused and regarded Martov an "enemy of the workers' cause".[2][3]
- ^ Russian: Ю́лий О́сипович Цедерба́ум, IPA: [ˈjʉlʲɪj ˈosʲɪpəvʲɪtɕ tsɨdʲɪrˈbaʊm, ˈmartəf] ⓘ
- ^ Rogovin, Vadim Zakharovich (2021). Was There an Alternative? Trotskyism: a Look Back Through the Years. Mehring Books. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-893638-97-6.
- ^ Service, Robert (2005). Stalin: A Biography. Harvard University Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-674-01697-2.
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